Insimbi engagqwali ingahlukaniswa ibe yinsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nensimbi engagqwali ye-duplex ngokwesakhiwo sayo se-metallographic.
(1) Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic
Isakhiwo sokushisa kwegumbi sensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic yi-austenite, eyakhiwa ngokungeza i-nickel efanele ensimbi engagqwali ene-chromium ephezulu.
Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic inesakhiwo esizinzile se-austenite kuphela uma i-Cr iqukethe cishe u-18%, u-Ni 8% kuya ku-25%, kanye no-C cishe u-0.1%. Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic isekelwe ku-alloy yensimbi esekelwe ku-Cr18Ni9. Ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukile, kuye kwathuthukiswa uchungechunge oluyisithupha lwezinsimbi ezingagqwali zase-austenitic.
Amanani ajwayelekile ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic:
(1) 1Cr17Mn6Ni15N; (2) 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N; (3) 1Cr18Ni9; (4) 1Cr18Ni9Si3; (5) 06Cr19Ni10; (6) 00Cr19Ni10; (7) 0Cr19Ni9N; (8) 0Cr19Ni10NbN; (9) 00Cr18Ni10N; (10) 1Cr18Ni12; (11) 0Cr23Ni13; (12) 0Cr25Ni20; (13) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2; (14) 00Cr17Ni14Mo2; (15) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N; (16) 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N; (17) 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti; (18) 0Cr; 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti; (20) 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti; (21) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2; (22) 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2; (23) 0Cr19Ni13Mo3; (24) 00Cr19Ni13Mo3; (25) 0Cr18Ni16Mo5; (26) 1Cr18Ni9Ti; (27) (29) 0Cr18Ni; 0Cr18Ni13Si4;
Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic iqukethe inani elikhulu le-Ni ne-Cr, okwenza i-austenite yensimbi ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ine-plasticity enhle, ukuqina, ukushibilika, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo ze-magnetic ezingezona ezikagesi noma ezibuthakathaka. Ine-resistance enhle yokugqwala ekufakeni i-oxidizing kanye nokunciphisa imidiya. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza imishini engagqwali, njengezitsha ezingagqwali kanye nokufakwa kwemishini kanye nokuthuthwa kwayo. Amapayipi, izingxenye zemishini ezingagqwali ze-nitric acid, njll., zingasetshenziswa futhi njengezinto eziyinhloko zokuhlobisa. Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic ngokuvamile isebenzisa ukwelashwa kwesisombululo, okungukuthi, insimbi ishiswa ku-1050 kuya ku-1150°C, bese ipholiswa ngamanzi noma ipholiswe emoyeni ukuze kutholakale isakhiwo se-austenite sesigaba esisodwa.
(2) insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic
Amazinga avame ukusetshenziswa ensimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic: (1) 1Cr17; (2) 00Cr30Mo2; (3) 00Cr17; (4) 00Cr17; (5) 1Cr17Mo; (6) 00Cr27Mo;
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Ferritic iyinsimbi engagqwali enesakhiwo sayo esiyinhloko yi-ferrite ekushiseni kwegumbi. Okuqukethwe kwe-Chromium kungu-11%-30%, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukuqina kanye nokushibilika kuyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium, ukumelana nokugqwala kokucindezeleka kwe-chloride kungcono kunezinye izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali, lolu hlobo lwensimbi ngokuvamile alunawo i-nickel, ngezinye izikhathi luqukethe inani elincane le-Mo, Ti, Nb nezinye izinto. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunezici zokuqhuba okukhulu kokushisa, i-coefficient encane yokwandisa, ukumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation, kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala kokucindezeleka. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ukumelana nomoya, umhwamuko wamanzi, amanzi kanye nama-acid e-oxidizing. Izingxenye ezigqwalile. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokusebenza kwenqubo kubi, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni ezingamelani ne-acid ezinokucindezeleka okuncane kanye nezinsimbi ezilwa ne-oxidation. Ingakhiqiza futhi izingxenye ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, njengezingxenye ze-turbine yegesi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-11-2021